![]() At this time, treatments for dementia are inadequate 9. Despite increasing life expectancy, there are widening SES inequalities in health 8. SES has also been associated with functional and structural neural differences in wide range of cortical areas 7. Individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to experience impaired cognitive function 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Maintaining cognitive function is crucial for promoting the health of the aging population. ![]() Our findings suggested that higher healthy lifestyle scores and higher SES were associated with better cognitive function among older adults in the United States.ĭementia currently affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, and this number is expected to rise to 152 million by 2050 1. No statistically significant interaction was observed between healthy lifestyle score and SES. Participants with high SES had 0.37 (95% CI 0.29, 0.46) standard deviation higher composite cognitive z-score than those with low SES. In survey-weighted multivariable linear regressions, participants with 3 or 4 healthy behaviors had 0.07 (95% CI 0.005, 0.14) standard deviation higher composite cognitive z-score, relative to those with one or no healthy behavior. A healthy lifestyle score was calculated based on smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and the Healthy-Eating-Index-2015. Latent class analysis of family income, education, occupation, health insurance, and food security was used to define composite SES (low, medium, high). Cognitive function was measured using an average of the standardized z-scores of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning and delayed recall tests, the Animal Fluency Test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. We investigated the complex relations of socioeconomic status (SES) and healthy lifestyles with cognitive functions among older adults in 1313 participants, aged 60 years and older, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014.
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